Efectos de la glicina sobre los trastornos de conducción del nervio auditivo en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 con otoneuropatía / Effects of glycine on auditory evoked potentials among diabetic patients with auditory pathway neuropathy

Background: Glycine inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products that may cause central and peripheral neuronal damage, affecting also the auditory nerve. Aim: To evaluate the effect of glycine on auditory nerve conduction and hearing level among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and auditory neuropathy. Material and Methods: Twenty grams of oral glycine per day were administered during 6 months to 28 type 2 diabetic patients aged 58 ± 6 years, with auditory pathway neuropathy. Hearing tests and evoked otoacustic potentials were performed regularly. Fifteen diabetic patients aged 49 ± 8 years, without auditory nerve neuropathy did not receive glycine and were followed as a control group. Results: Among patients receiving glycine, a significant improvement in left ear audiometry at 125, 250 and 500 Hz and right ear audiometry at 500 Hz, was observed. Waves I, III and V (p= 0.02) of evoked otoacustic potentials improved significantly in the left ear and wave I in the right ear. Among controls, waves V and III of evoked otoacoustic potentials had a significant impairment in the left ear. Conclusions: There was an improvement in auditory evoked potentials in patients receiving glycine and an impairment in untreated control patients.

Manganese poisoning reduces strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites in the globus pallidus of the mouse brain / Reducción de los receptores glicinérgicos insensibles a estricnina en el globo pálido del cerebro de ratones intoxicados con manganeso

Manganese (Mn) poisoning is characterized by central nerous system manifestations, including psychiatric disturbances and estrapyramidal disorders. This metal is thought to produce neuronal degeneration due to cytotoxic products originated by oxidative stress and through an indirect excitotoxic process. In previous studies, we have found a reduction in the density of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) recognition sites in some brain areas of Mn-treated mice. Due to the close relationship between NMDA receptor complex, the [3H]-glycine ([3H]/Gly) binding was manganese choride for 8 weeks. Among all analyzed areas, only the globus pallidus showed a significant reduction in [3H]-Gly binding (27-28). The Gly binding decrease, focalized in the globus pallidus, could reflect a degeneration of structures containing strychnine-insensitive Gly receptors, since this area is the most frequently reported damaged brain region in Mn intoxication. Howerer, it might also be due to a Gly receptor down-regulation to control NMDA complex activation during Mn poisoning.

A preliminary open trial on interferon stimulator (SNMC) derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra in the treatment of subacute hepatic failure.

The efficacy of the interferon stimulator named Stronger Neo Minophagen-C (SNMC) derived form the plant G. glabra was studied at a dose of 40 or 100 ml daily for 30 days followed by thrice weekly intravenously for 8 wk in 18 patients of subacute hepatic failure due to viral hepatitis. The survival rate amongst these patients was 72.2 per cent, as compared to the earlier reported rate of 31.1 per cent in 98 patients who received supportive therapy (P < 0.01). Death in four of the five patients was due to associated infections leading to hepatorenal failure and terminal coma. Further studies are necessary to standardize the dose and duration of therapy with SNMC in subacute hepatic failure.

Efficacy & safety of glycine fortified oral rehydration solution in the treatment of acute dehydrating diarrhoea in children.

Efficacy and safety of glycine fortified oral rehydration solution (ORS) was compared with a standard ORS (WHO formula) in a randomized clinical trial in children aged between 4 months and 5 yr with moderate degree of dehydration owing to acute watery diarrhoea. No significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were observed in diarrhoeal stool output, duration of diarrhoea and intake of ORS between the study and control groups respectively. Thus glycine fortified ORS does not have any additional advantage over standard ORS. Moreover, two children developed hypernatraemia after receiving glycine fortified ORS in contrast to the control group. It is therefore suggested that glycine supplemented ORS should not be prescribed for the treatment of diarrhoeal dehydration in children.

A comparative study of glycine fortified oral rehydration solution with standard WHO oral rehydration solution.

The safety, efficacy and acceptability of glycine-fortified oral rehydration solution (ORS) was compared with that of standard WHO-ORS in a controlled randomized trial. Fifty male infants with acute, watery, non-cholera diarrhea were studied. Glycine-fortified ORS at a concentration of 111 mmol/L (8.4 g/L) was used. The electrolyte and glucose concentrations of both the solutions was identical. The proportion of successfully treated patients was 92%. There were two failures in each group. Both solutions were found to be equally safe in correcting and maintaining the hydration status and in correcting hyponatremia and hypokalemia. The acceptability and efficiency of the solutions were also comparable. Addition of glycine does not add to the efficacy of conventional WHO-ORS, therefore offering no additional advantage but adds to the cost of production.

Empleo de una solución salina, con oligosacáridos y glicina, para la hidratación por vía oral / Use of saline solution, with glicine and oligosacchandes for and rehydration

Se valoró la eficacia y seguridad de una solución salina que contiene glicina y oligosacáridos, comparando los resultados con los obtenidos en un grupo tratado con la solución recomendada por la OMS. La investigación se llevó a efecto en forma ciega, seleccionando los casos de manera aleatoria entre niños que presentaban deshidratación consecutiva a un episodio de diarrea aguda. Entre los 58 enfermos tratados durante 12 horas con una y otra solución, no se observaron diferencias significativas en las valoraciones bioquímicas realizadas, ni en los cambios clínicos que ocurrieron durante el tratamiento. Se comenta acerca de la utilidad que tienen las soluciones en las que se proporciona un mayor aporte de energia

Oligosacáridos y glicina en una nueva fórmula para hidratación oral: valoración experimental de la absorción de agua y sodio / Gligosaccharides and glycine in a new oral hydration formula: experimental valoration of the water and sodium absorption

Teniendo como precedente que la glicina y algunos oligosacáridos promueven la absorción del agua y el sodio, cuando se emplean en soluciones diseñadas para la hidratación por vía bucal, se diseñaron tres soluciones cuyo contenido en sales era semejante a la fórmula de la solución de la OMS, excepto por tener 80 mmol/l de sodio y haber substituido la glucosa por Maltrín 10 y/o glicina. Mediante la transfusión de las soluciones en estudio al intestino de un grupo de ratas (10 para cada solución), al cabo de 75 minutos se encontró que la solución identificada con la letra C, conteniendo una cantidad equismolar de Maltrín y glicina, era tan eficiente como la solución de la OMS para permitir la incorporación de agua y a su vez favorecía de manera aún más eficaz la absorción del sodio